Benefits of Exercise

Congratulations! You are joining an elite team of women and men who appreciate that exercise is one of the healthiest things you can do.

Think about making a one-month commitment to exercise. If you are able to increase your physical activity for 30 days, that's a good sign that you are on your way to making exercise and physical activity regular, life-long habits. Let's get started!

The notion that exercise is good for you has been around for quite a while, but until recently older adults have been left out of the picture. Today, new information is emerging from research: people of all ages and physical conditions benefit from exercise and physical activity.

Scientific studies show that staying physically active and exercising regularly can help prevent or delay many diseases and disabilities. Scientists find that even moderate exercise and physical activity can improve the health of people who are frail or who have diseases that accompany aging.

Exercise and physical activity are among the healthiest things you can do for yourself, but some older adults are reluctant to exercise. Some are afraid that exercise will be too strenuous or that physical activity will harm them. Yet, studies show that exercise is safe for people of all age groups and that older adults hurt their health far more by not exercising than by exercising.

An inactive lifestyle can cause older people to lose ground in four areas that are important for staying healthy and independent: strength, balance, flexibility, and endurance. But research suggests that exercise and physical activity can help older people maintain or partly restore these four areas.

Growing older doesn't mean people have to lose their strength or their ability to do everyday tasks. Exercise can help older adults feel better and enjoy life more, even those who think they're too old or too out of shape.

Increasing strength and endurance make it easier to climb stairs and carry groceries. Improving balance helps prevent falls. Being more flexible may speed recovery from injuries. If you make exercise a regular part of your daily routine, it will have a positive impact on your quality of life as you get older. 
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Balance exercises build leg muscles and help prevent falls. Each year, U.S. hospitals have 300,000 admissions for broken hips, and falling is often the cause of those fractures. Balance exercises can help you stay independent by helping you avoid disabilities that may result from falling.

There is a lot of overlap between strength and balance exercises. Lower body exercises for strength also help balance.

Safety tips:

• Hold onto a table or chair for balance with only one hand. As you progress, try holding on with only one fingertip.
• Next, try the following exercises without holding on at all. Ask someone to watch you the first few times in case you lose your balance.
• If you are very steady on your feet, move on to doing the exercises using no hands, with your eyes closed. Have someone stand close by if you are unsteady.

Side Leg Raises strengthen muscles at sides of hips and thighs. Strengthening these muscles is important for good balance.

1. Stand straight, directly behind table or chair, feet slightly apart.
2. Hold table or chair for balance.
3. Slowly lift one leg to side, 6 to 12 inches out to the side. Keep your back and both legs straight. Don't point your toes downward -- keep them facing forward. Hold position.

4. Slowly lower leg. Repeat with other leg.
5. Keep back and knees straight throughout exercise.
6. Alternate legs until you repeat exercise 8 to 15 times with each leg.
7. Rest. Do another set of 8 to 15 alternating repetitions.

Hip Flexion strengthens thigh and hip muscles. Strengthening these muscles is important for good balance. Use ankle weights if you are ready.

1. Stand straight; hold onto a table or chair for balance.
2. Slowly bend one knee toward chest, without bending waist or hips.
3. Hold position for 1 second.
4. Slowly lower leg all the way down. Pause.

5. Repeat with other leg.
6. Alternate legs until you have done 8 to 15 repetitions with each leg.
7. Rest; then do another set of 8 to 15 alternating repetitions.
8. Add modifications as you progress.

Hip Extension strengthens buttock and lower-back muscles. Strengthening these muscles is important for good balance. Use ankle weights if you are ready.

1. Stand 12 to 18 inches from a table or chair, feet slightly apart.
2. Bend forward at hips at about 45-degree angle; hold onto a table or chair for balance.
3. Slowly lift one leg straight backwards without bending your knee, pointing your toes, or bending your upper body any farther forward.

4. Hold position for 1 second.
5. Slowly lower leg. Pause.
6. Repeat with other leg.
7. Alternate legs until you have done 8 to 15 repetitions with each leg.
8. Rest; then do another set of 8 to 15 alternating repetitions.
9. Add modifications as you progress.

Anytime-Anywhere exercises improve your balance. You can do them almost anytime, anywhere, and as often as you like, as long as you have something sturdy nearby to hold onto if you become unsteady.

• Walk heel-to-toe. Position your heel just in front of the toes of the opposite foot each time you take a step. Your heel and toes should touch or almost touch.

Here are other exercises you can do anytime, anywhere to improve your balance:

• Stand on one foot (for example, while waiting in line at the grocery store or at the bus stop). Alternate feet.
• Stand up and sit down without using your hands.

To check your progress:

1. Time yourself as you stand on one foot, without support, for as long as possible.
2. Stand near something sturdy to hold onto in case you lose your balance.
3. Repeat the test while standing on the other foot.
4. Test and record your scores each month.

How much, how often?

Don't do more than your regularly scheduled strength exercise sessions to incorporate these balance modifications -- remember, it can do more harm than good to do strength exercises too often. Simply do your strength exercises and incorporate these balance techniques as you progress.
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It can be very motivating to chart your progress. These simple tests measure endurance, lower-body power, strength, and balance. Test yourself before starting to exercise to get a baseline score.

For endurance exercises, see how far you can walk in exactly six minutes. Write down how far you walked -- in feet, blocks, laps, miles, number of times you walked up and down a long hallway, or whatever is convenient for you. Test and record your scores each month.

For lower-body strength, time yourself as you walk up a flight of stairs as fast as you can safely. Test and record your scores each month.

For upper-body strength exercises, record how much weight you lift and how many times you lift that weight.

For balance exercises, time yourself as you stand on one foot, without support, for as long as possible. Stand near something sturdy to hold onto in case you lose your balance. Repeat the test while standing on the other foot. Test and record your scores each month. 

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Stretching exercises are thought to give you more freedom of movement to do the things you need and like to do. Stretching exercises alone will not improve your endurance or strength.

Safety tips:

• Always warm up before stretching exercises by doing them after endurance or strength exercises or by doing some easy walking or arm-pumping first.
• Stretching should never cause pain, especially joint pain.
• Mild discomfort or a mild pulling sensation is normal.
• Never bounce into a stretch -- make slow steady movements instead.

Tricep Stretches lengthen muscles in the back of the upper arm.

1. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart.
2. Hold one end of a towel in your left hand.
3. Raise and bend your left arm to drape the towel down your back. Keep your left arm in this position and continue holding onto the towel.
4. Reach behind your lower back and grasp the bottom end of the towel with your right hand.

5. To stretch your left shoulder, pull the towel down with your right hand. Stop when you feel a stretch or slight discomfort in your left shoulder.
6. Repeat at least 3 to 5 times.
7. Reverse positions, and repeat at least 3 to 5 times.

Double Hip Rotation stretches the outer muscles of hips and thighs. Don't do this exercise if you have had a hip replacement, unless your surgeon approves.

1. Lie on floor on your back, knees bent and feet flat on the floor.
2. Keep shoulders on floor at all times.
3. Keep knees bent together and gently lower legs to one side as far as possible without forcing them.

4. Hold position for 10 to 30 seconds.
5. Return legs to upright position.
6. Repeat toward other side.
7. Repeat 3 to 5 times on each side.

How much, how often?

Stretch after you do your regularly scheduled strength and endurance exercises. If you can't do endurance or strength exercises for some reason, and stretching exercises are the only kind you are able to do, do them at least 3 times a week, for at least 20 minutes each session. Note that stretching exercises, by themselves, don't improve endurance or strength.

Do each stretching exercise 3 to 5 times at each session. Slowly stretch into the desired position, as far as possible without pain, and hold the stretch for 10 to 30 seconds. Relax, then repeat, trying to stretch farther. 
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Strength exercises build muscle as well as increase your metabolism, which helps keep your weight and blood sugar in check.

Safety tips:

• Don't hold your breath during strength exercises. This could affect your blood pressure.
• Use smooth, steady movements to bring weights into position.
• Avoid jerking or thrusting movements.
• Avoid locking the joints of your arms and legs into a strained position. Breathe out as you lift or push a weight and breathe in as you relax.
• Muscle soreness lasting a few days and slight fatigue are normal after muscle building exercises.
• Exhaustion, sore joints, and painful muscle pulls are not normal.

Arm Raises strengthen your shoulder muscles.

1. Sit in a chair with your back straight.
2. Keep feet flat on the floor even with your shoulders.
3. Hold hand weights straight down at your sides with palms facing inward.*

* You can use as little as one or two pound hand weights or you can substitute cans of soup. Some people start without weights.

4. Raise both arms to side, shoulder height.
5. Hold the position for 1 second.
6. Slowly lower arms to the sides. Pause.
7. Repeat 8 to 15 times.
8. Rest. Do another set of 8 to 15 repetitions.

Chair Stands strengthen stomach and thigh muscles.

1. Place pillows against back of chair.
2. Sit in middle or toward front of chair, knees bent, feet flat on floor.
3. Lean back on pillows in half-reclining position, keeping your back and shoulders straight.

4. Raise upper body forward until sitting upright, using hands as little as possible -- or not at all, if you can. Your back should no longer lean against the pillows.
5. Slowly stand up, using hands as little as possible.
6. Slowly sit back down. Keep back and shoulders straight throughout exercise.
7. Repeat 8 to 15 times. Rest. Then repeat 8 to 15 times more.

Bicep Curls strengthen upper-arm muscles.

1. Sit in armless chair. Keep feet flat and even with shoulders.
2. Hold hand weights at sides, arms straight, palms facing toward your body.
3. Slowly bend one elbow, lifting weight toward chest. Be sure to rotate palm to face shoulder while lifting weight.

4. Hold position for 1 second. Slowly lower arm to starting position.
5. Repeat with other arm. Alternate until you have repeated the exercise 8 to 15 times on each side.
6. Rest. Then do another set of 8 to 15 alternating repetitions.

Tricep Extensions strengthen muscles in the back of the arm.

1. Sit near the front edge of the chair, feet flat on floor and even with shoulders.
2. Hold a weight in one hand, raise that arm straight toward the ceiling, palm facing in.
3. Support arm below the elbow with the other hand.
4. Slowly bend raised arm at elbow, bringing hand weight toward same shoulder.

5. Slowly re-straighten arm toward ceiling. Hold position for 1 second.
6. Slowly bend arm toward shoulder again.
7. Pause, then repeat the bending and straightening until you have done the exercise 8 to 15 times. Repeat 8 to 15 times with your other arm.
8. Rest. Then repeat another set of 8 to 15 repetitions on each side.

Knee Flexion strengthens muscles in the back of the thigh.

1. Stand straight, holding onto table or chair for balance.
2. Slowly bend one knee as far as possible, so foot lifts up behind you. Don't move your upper leg at all; bend your knee only.
3. Hold position.

4. Slowly lower foot all the way back down.
5. Repeat with other leg.
6. Alternate legs until you have 8 to 15 repetitions with each leg.
7. Rest. Then do another set of 8 to 15 alternating repetitions.

                                                                           How much, how often?

Do strength exercises for all your major muscle groups at least twice a week. Don't do strength exercises of the same muscle group on any 2 days in a row. Depending on how fit you are, you might need to start out using as little as 1 or 2 pounds of weight, or no weight at all, to allow your body to adapt to strength exercises. 

Lift a minimum of weight the first week, then gradually build up the weight. Starting out with weights that are too heavy can cause injuries. Remember that you have to add gradually a challenging amount of weight in order to benefit from strength exercises. If you don't challenge your muscles, you won't get stronger.  

When doing a strength exercise, do 8 to 15 repetitions in a row. Wait a minute, then do another set of 8 to 15 repetitions in a row of the same exercise. Tip: While you are waiting, you might want to stretch the muscle you just worked or do a different strength exercise that uses a different set of muscles.

Take 3 seconds to lift or push a weight into place. Hold the position for 1 second, and take another 3 seconds to lower the weight. Don't let the weight drop -- lowering it slowly is very important.

It should feel somewhere between hard and very hard for you to lift or push the weight. It should not feel very, very hard. If you can't lift or push a weight 8 times in a row, it's too heavy for you and you should reduce the amount of weight. If you can lift a weight more than 15 times in a row, it's too light for you. Increase the amount of weight

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